日期:2014-05-18 浏览次数:20849 次
将方法签名与代理类型匹配时,协变和逆变为您提供了一定程度的灵活性。协变允许方法具有的派生返回类型比委托中定义的更多。逆变允许方法具有的派生参数类型比委托类型中的更少。
一、逆变
对于下面的三个代理类型:
delegate void EventHandler (object sender, EventArgs e) delegate void KeyPressEventHandler (object sender, KeyPressEventArgs e) delegate void MouseEventHandler (object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
System.DateTime lastActivity;
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
lastActivity = new System.DateTime();
this.textBox1.KeyDown += this.MultiHandler; //works with KeyEventArgs
this.button1.MouseClick += this.MultiHandler; //works with MouseEventArgs
}
// Event hander for any event with an EventArgs or
// derived class in the second parameter
private void MultiHandler(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
lastActivity = System.DateTime.Now;
}
协变是针对返回值类型具有可转换类型的情况,下面是协变的例子:
class Mammals
{
}
class Dogs : Mammals
{
}
class Program
{
// Define the delegate.
public delegate Mammals HandlerMethod();
public static Mammals FirstHandler()
{
return null;
}
public static Dogs SecondHandler()
{
return null;
}
static void Main()
{
HandlerMethod handler1 = FirstHandler;
// Covariance allows this delegate.
HandlerMethod handler2 = SecondHandler;
}
}